Retirement requires a financial plan that will guarantee to cover all your financial needs for as long as you live. You probably heard of people talking about retirement and why you should save money to prepare for retirement. The truth is that retirement is the scariest time for millions of people out there. Retirement planning gets scary not because people don’t make enough money. Rather it is because people don’t know the exact things they should do before they retire or how to prepare for retirement.
The lack of a retirement checklist and proper guidance, makes retirement planning a complex process and scary to some people. That is why having a retirement checklist and knowing exactly the things you need to do before you retire makes it easy to have a comfortable retirement.
If you are nearing your retirement date or planning for retirement, I have put together a retirement checklist you should follow to have a comfortable retirement.
Without further ado, let’s get started.
1. Have enough money saved for retirement
Having enough money saved for retirement is the first item on your retirement checklist as your savings determine if you have enough money to live off during retirement. While you can work during your retirement, it is always a good idea to save enough money in case you are unable to work. Once you reach that age, your health, and mental and physical abilities will deteriorate. For this reason, there is no guarantee that you will be able to work during your retirement. This is why saving enough money for retirement is one of the most important things to do before you retire.
If you can’t work and do not have enough money saved for retirement, you will face the greatest fear of them all: Outliving your money. You can avoid this problem by saving enough money for your retirement date.
How much do you need to save for retirement?
Saving for retirement can be tricky as there is no single amount everyone should save. The key to retirement savings is that you should save enough to avoid outliving your savings. How much retirement savings is enough? To determine how much you need before you retire, you need to know your predicted retirement income, your lifestyle, and life expectancy. These three variables help you determine an estimated retirement savings before you retire.
To calculate how much you need to save for retirement, let’s start with your expenses and the number of years you are expected to live. The majority of people do not live more than 30 years after retirement. So, let’s assume that your monthly expenses will be $5,000 and you will live up to 90.
The basic retirement saving formula
Assuming that your expenses will be $5,000/mo and will live 30 years after retirement, you will need to save at least $1,800,000 ($5,000/month for 30 years) for your retirement. Once you hit that retirement amount and decide to retire without additional income, your monthly withdrawal should not exceed $5,000/month.
This technique is tricky and risky. You are saving this way expecting that life will go as planned. Things can turn ugly and you could find yourself facing costly expenses. That is why you need to tweak your retirement savings formula a little bit.
Passive income-based retirement saving strategy
Instead of using this retirement-saving formula, focus on passive income from your retirement portfolio. Many experts suggest that you should use the 4% retirement rule. This rule helps people save for retirement with the assumption that their yearly withdrawal should be 4% and the return on investment should be at least 5%.
Back to that 1.8 million dollars. In the previous example, we assumed that the money was sitting in a savings account and there was nothing else coming in.
Now, we are going to change things around and put that money into different investments where the ROI is at least 5%. By using this retirement saving strategy, your portfolio will be safe and all your expenses will be covered by passive income from investments (assuming that you will withdraw no more than 4%). What this means is that you will be living off passive income from your portfolio without touching the principal. That is how you avoid running out of money during retirement.
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2. Set up a retirement budget
Having a retirement budget is the second most important thing to do before you retire. Being in retirement means that the days of spending extravagantly are over. You cannot spend like a 30-year-old person when your income is limited and your health expenses are on the roof. Unless you have made a ton of money through businesses or investments, creating a retirement budget is a critical item to put on your retirement checklist.
The retirement budget will be your guide on how much you can withdraw from your retirement portfolio every month and how to properly spend it without going over the limit. Spending more than you are supposed to spend in your retirement will automatically put you in a financial crisis.
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3. Create an emergency fund
One of the most important things to do before you retire is to have an emergency account. Although you have saved some money for your retirement, you should also establish an emergency fund. This fund is different from your retirement savings and should only be used during emergency cases such as unexpected accidents, costly medical bills, etc.
You need to put this money in a different account as well. Additionally, your emergency funds should not be touched, used, or planned for; unless you are in an emergency. Typically, you need to save between 3 to 6 months of expenses in your emergency fund.
Related post: Should you invest your emergency fund for better returns?
4. Know how much you have saved in your HSA/ FSA funds
Another important thing to do before you retire is to know how much you have saved for your HSA and FSA. Your HSA funds are tax deductible when spent on qualifying medical expenses while your FSA allows you to cover out-of-pocket medical expenses. Since your medical expenses go higher during retirement, it is essential to save enough money in these two accounts to help cover your medical bills.
My recommendation is to save enough in your HSA as it comes with tax incentives and the money can grow without paying tax. Additionally, you can withdraw your funds and use them however, you want without paying a penalty after reaching 65.
Related: 7 benefits of HSA: Health savings account benefits you need to know
5. Review your health insurance options
Another important thing to do before you retire is to review your health insurance options. Being in retirement also means that you lose your health coverage through your employer. This means that you will need to look into different health coverage options offered through the government such as Medicare or explore other private options. Either way, your insurance options should be on your retirement checklist as they will play an important factor in the extent of coverage you get and how much it will cost you.
Another reason you should know your health insurance options and how much they will cost you is that they will help you establish a retirement budget that works without exhausting your limited financial resources.
6. Understand all your assets and liabilities
Another item you should not forget on your retirement checklist is understanding all your assets and liabilities. This might sound like a less pressing matter, but in reality, it is one of many things people get wrong when they are about to retire. The best way to retire is to accumulate a lot of assets that bring in passive income and have $0 in liabilities when possible.
Unfortunately, this is not the case for millions of people out there. Some people even retire with student loans on their shoulders on top of mortgages and car loans. According to CNBC, 46% of all Americans expected to retire with debt in 2021. This high percentage means that the chances of you retiring with debt is almost 50%. Unless you take action, things can get tough for you in your retirement due to debt.
This is why paying off your debts should be highlighted on your retirement checklist and you must pay them off before you retire. If you cannot pay off your debts, at least know exactly what they are and how they will affect your expenses and your retirement lifestyle.
This information will allow you to make informed retirement decisions and adjust your retirement lifestyle to accommodate your debts and pay off all your liabilities. For example, you can retire from a full-time job and get a part-time job just to cover your remaining mortgage payments.
Related article: How to pay off your mortgage faster?
During your retirement, you will also have a chance to start tapping into your social security benefits. These benefits will be there to support you on top of your retirement savings.
According to the Social Security Administration, you can start getting your Social Security money as early as 62 years old. Taking Social Security benefits this early, however, will lead to a reduced percentage of benefits.
That is why it is recommended to delay tapping into your Social Security benefits until you have officially retired. To maximize your Social Security benefits and get a higher percentage, wait until you have turned 70.
8. Know where you will live during retirement
Earlier, I mentioned that one of the things to do before you retire is to know your expenses. This is very important when calculating how much you will need to save for retirement. Your living expenses will directly affect your monthly expenses and ultimately your lifestyle.
For example, if you are a traveling nurse, you should have a rough idea of where you will live during retirement since you might no longer be traveling. Find a place that will help you fulfill your retirement dreams but also meet your desired standard of living.
The place you choose to settle during retirement will directly affect your monthly expenses. So, make sure that you select a place that is not too expensive to a level where you will need to stretch your retirement budget or keep working until you die.
9. Decide what to do with your retirement accounts
Before you retire, you should know how you want to manage your retirement accounts. For example, if you have a 401(k) plan with your employer, you will no longer make extra contributions to the plan after you have retired. In this case, you can either leave the account with your former employer, roll over the account into an IRA, or have it rolled into a new 401(k) plan in case you end up having a part-time job with benefits.
You can also cash out but this is not good financial advice as it automatically prevents your money from growing and you pay an income tax on the entire fund. That is cashing out your funds at once, can put you into a higher tax bracket for that year which will lead to paying the highest tax on your funds. So, you don’t want this option.
10. Have a written will
Another important thing to do before you retire is to have a written will. Many people think that drafting a will is a waste of time. Others wait for too long and die without writing one. The truth is that writing a will is not a waste of time and it is an essential step in your financial planning strategies.
A will is a legal document that shows how someone’s assets should be distributed after their death. This document clearly shows what each person will get and how much. Since the will represents the official wishes of the person who made it, all assets are divided based on what it (the will) says.
Without a will, it becomes difficult to divide assets among descendants. Legal action is usually taken to make sure that no one is taking more than they are supposed to. Since a will protects your loved ones from family-related conflicts, having a will should be on your retirement checklist and you should write one before you retire. Even if it is a draft, you can always edit it over time based on changes in your life and your wishes.
11. Work with a financial advisor
Retirement planning can sometimes be a complex problem for many people. There is a lot of work to do and many decisions to make.
It is possible that you can do it yourself. However, there are chances that you can miss something important or simply make a mistake which could cost you a lot of fortune when you need money the most. To avoid anything that can put your retirement savings in jeopardy, work with a financial advisor or a retirement planner.
An advisor/retirement planner will guide you through the whole retirement process and make sure that you do not leave anything to chance. At the same time, the advisor will prevent you from making mistakes and help you minimize risks while maximizing your retirement income at the same time.
Related posts: Choose a financial advisor in 9 Steps
12. Create extra sources of income
The last item on your retirement checklist is creating new sources of income. Again, your goal during retirement is to avoid outliving your savings or having to work another full-time/part-time job to supplement your income. The only way to achieve this goal is to have extra sources of income that are not tied to your retirement savings or have a lot of money saved with a higher return on investment(ROI).
The future is uncertain which makes saving for retirement a less accurate process. You can only hope that what you have saved is enough to take care of you financially. What you do is make preparations based on the most common events. For example, you assume that you will live around 30 years after retirement and spend $5,000 per month and save money based on that assumption.
What if you end up living for 40 years or more after retiring? If you are only relying on savings, you could end up outliving your savings. A good trick to avoid this life event is to make sure that you generate enough passive income that is diversified enough during retirement.
You don’t necessarily have to show up to work daily. Your income could be a passive income from stocks or rent from a rental property. This extra money can help you reduce your monthly withdrawals from your retirement savings and keep your money growing. You should also invest money in your retirement accounts which is essential in building your net worth. The more money you can make without going to work for it, the better.
